CXCR4-targeted molecular imaging in hematology and oncology

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has emerged as a powerful imaging target in nuclear oncology. In this regard, the PET agent [68Ga]Ga-pentixafor is promising but still evolving. In this article, we provide an overview of potentially useful imaging applications for CXCR4-targeted imaging in hemato-oncology and guidance on scan interpretation by discussing diagnostic pitfalls. We also report on theranostic efforts and how the field has been expanded toward the imaging of solid tumors. As such, this review focuses on potential clinical integration of CXCR4-targeted molecular imaging across multiple disease entities, particularly in the field of hemato-oncology.